Gum Disease: symptoms, causes & treatment in Nigeria
Also known as bleeding gums, periodontitis.
This page is general health information, not a diagnosis. Always consult a licensed clinician about your own health.
Overview
Gum disease starts as gingivitis — red, swollen gums that bleed when brushing — and can progress to periodontitis, where the bone holding the teeth is destroyed and teeth loosen. It is the major cause of tooth loss in adults, yet the early stage is fully reversible with proper cleaning.
Symptoms
Gums bleeding when brushing or eating
Red, swollen or tender gums
Persistent bad breath
Gums pulling away from the teeth
Loose or shifting teeth
Pus between teeth and gums
Causes & risk factors
Plaque build-up from inadequate brushing and flossing
Hardened tartar that brushing cannot remove
Smoking and tobacco use
Diabetes worsening gum infection
Hormonal changes in pregnancy
Treatment & self-care
Professional scaling removes the tartar driving the inflammation, after which thorough twice-daily brushing and daily cleaning between teeth keep gums healthy — bleeding gums need more cleaning, not less. Advanced disease needs deeper cleaning and dental follow-up. Diabetics and smokers should be especially vigilant.
See a doctor urgently if
Gums bleeding regularly despite good brushing
Loose teeth or gums visibly receding
Pus, swelling or bad taste from the gums
Painful, ulcerated gums with fever
Frequently asked questions
What are the first signs of Gum Disease?
Early signs often include gums bleeding when brushing or eating, red, swollen or tender gums, persistent bad breath. Symptoms vary from person to person, so a proper assessment by a doctor is the only way to be sure.
Can Gum Disease be treated?
Professional scaling removes the tartar driving the inflammation, after which thorough twice-daily brushing and daily cleaning between teeth keep gums healthy — bleeding gums need more cleaning, not less. Advanced disease needs deeper cleaning and dental follow-up. Diabetics and smokers should be especially vigilant.
When should I see a doctor about Gum Disease?
See a doctor promptly if you notice: gums bleeding regularly despite good brushing; loose teeth or gums visibly receding; pus, swelling or bad taste from the gums; painful, ulcerated gums with fever.